Hypertension is divided into primary hypertension (essential) or secondary hypertension. Approximately 90-95% of cases classified as "primary hypertension", which means high blood pressure without a clear medical cause. Other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart, endocrine system or other causes 5-10% of cases (secondary hypertension).
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction (heart attack), heart failure, arterial aneurysm (eg aortic aneurysm), peripheral arterial disease, and causes of chronic kidney disease. Even a modest increase in arterial blood pressure associated with a shorter life expectancy. Changes in diet and lifestyle can improve blood pressure control and reduce the risk of health-related complications. However, the drug is often required in some people if lifestyle changes alone proved ineffective or insufficient and drug usually must be taken for life until the doctor decides no longer need to take medication. Someone who has had high blood pressure, under normal conditions can be returned and the blood pressure is to be aware, many cases of stroke occurs when a person off drugs. And many people do not think that someone who usually have low blood pressure at one time may also have high blood pressure. Therefore, control of blood pressure on a regular basis to be conducted.
Nursing Diagnosis for Hypertension
Decreased Cardiac Output related to increased afterload, vasoconstriction, myocardial ischemia, ventricular hypertrophy
Nursing Intervention for Hypertension
- Monitor blood pressure
- Note the central and peripheral pulse quality
- Auscultation of heart and breath sounds
- Observe skin color, moisture, temperature and capillary filling time
- Observe the general edema
- Provide quiet environment, comfortable
- Suggest to reduce activity.
- Maintain restrictions on activities such as recess ditemapt bed / chair
- Help perform self-care activities as needed
- Perform actions such as a comfortable back and neck massage
- Encourage relaxation techniques
- Give fluid restriction and sodium diet as indicated.
Nursing Diagnosis for Hypertension
Risk for Ineffective Tissue perfusion: Peripheral, Renal, Gastrointestinal, Cardiopulmonary related to impaired circulation
Nursing Intervention for Hypertension
- Maintain bed rest, elevate head of bed
- Assess blood pressure at admission in both arms, sleeping, sitting with arterial pressure monitoring if available
- Maintain fluid and drugs.
- Observe the sudden hypotension.
- Measure inputs and expenditures
- Monitor electrolytes, BUN, creatinine.
- Ambulation according to ability; avoid fatigue